
K A I R O S
UN Military Observer Group

Press Release from Kashmir Representatives (South and East) and Republic of India:
December 20th, 1948.
In the name of Kashmir population, both Kashmir representatives would like to express their will to adhere east and south Kashmir to the Republic of India with the condition of India to respect Kashmiris identity. Strongly in agreement the Republic of India, through both Indian representatives at UNMOGIP, India states that protection for Kashmir shall be granted and respect for their identity will be completely accepted and tolerated. As a result, Kashmir will belong to India voluntarily without losing its nature of nation with identity and its seats in the parliament.
Signed by:
BG. Sam Manekshaw
CT. General Satyawant Mallana Shrinagesh
Representative of East Kashmir
Representative of South Kashmir

A search for peace
By: Isabel Botero
The first period of debate in the UNMOGIP has concluded, it is thus time to take a look back at the objectives that brought the present delegations together. In a general aspect, the ongoing conflict in Kashmir has reached a point in which it is imperative to find solutions that are effective and that determine a course that will allow the conflict to end eventually. The UNMOGIP is not only the mediator between the involved parties but also carries the enormous task of supervising the conflict in the name of the United Nations and the entire international community. It is also supposed to provide a space for negotiation that is crucial for the termination of the confrontation between these two nations and their people.
So far, the members of the committee have engaged in lengthy debates regarding several aspects of the main topic, specifically military Actions and the establishment of a ceasefire. There was a necessary request made to the security council in which it was consulted what the possible number of troops that could efficiently be displayed in the territory in question was. The Security Council responded with a final number of 25 troops, with 45 heads each. However, the SC emphasized on the fact that no intervention would be possible unless the committee accomplished the function of establishing an adequate delimitation of the territory in Kashmir, and that such decision must be taken as soon as possible as further delay would not be accepted by this commission. In response to this call of attention, the committee was successful after all in reaching an agreement regarding the ceasefire line. Such line was effectively established in a detail matter, and the display of the troops is now viable to be carried out.
Some points and matters should anyways be highlighted. The committee expressed during this first period of debate an enormous concern with the identity of the people and the importance of these people, who in fact constitute the region, to auto determine the actions that must be taken by the governments involved which finally determines their future. About this point, most delegations agreed on developing a plebiscite along the region to consult people about the matter in question. It was mentioned, especially by the delegation of the United States, the importance of assuring some peace for a democratic process to take place, and its willingness to finance this democratic procedure once some order was established in the territory. In this since stablishing some security in Kashmir by the determination of the ceasefire line will probably leave the committee under better circumstances when the actual agreements take place. On the other hand, the delegation of India constantly reminded the committee of the legality that such Republic possesses over Kashmir and the conflict that is dealing with a Pakistan that has had the concurrence of militant groups in its territory. This has led the delegation to believe that both countries should not be treated as equal. In fact, the committee faces some issues regarding the trust that lies in the involved parties. However, as the delegation of the united states initially stated, there must be trust between the actor for eventual peace to occur.
Finally, the closeness of this confrontation to the WWII has marked the conflict as a whole. It is expected that the union of the P-5 that proved to be effective in this Second World war, will also be effective in solving this conflict. It is known that the closeness with the termination of such a destructive war has left countries in difficult economic and political circumstances. Nevertheless, we hope that the importance of this conflict is not forgotten and that all parties gathered in this commission go as far as they can go in solving this topic. The Second World War has evidently left a lot of pain and damage behind, but it is also a reminder that the union among nations can, in fact, solve problems of enormous magnitude. We expect this message to be always present in the minds of the member of the UNMOGIP for their efforts to be fruitful and hopefully lead India, Pakistan, and Kashmir towards peace.
Press release from the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union
March 2nd, 1949.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, aware that military advance implies human evolution; that errors, such as those that led to the detonation of two world wars are not acceptable and even less when we have the power to prevent them; and empowered to have the conviction to face any threat that goes against Soviet ideals. We want to make a statement.
On March 1st of this year in Semi Palantisk-Kazakhstan, we carried out our first nuclear test with the code name of RDS-1 which was 100% effective. The Soviet Union is pleased and agrees that the threats that come will be greater; therefore, we will continue advancing and improving for the welfare of our citizens, for the sake of justice and global social stability, and enforce and uphold the socialist ideals that make up our unión.
WORKERS OF THE WORLD, UNITE!
Press release from the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union
April 15th, 1949.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is strongly concerned by the previous declarations given by the United States of America regarding the invitation of countries of the world to improve their nuclear arsenals, including, obviously, the Soviet Union; wants to declare that we will fully support the delegation of India to improve theirs as long as they request to do so. We consider that in this moment it is impossible to trust a country that only has established contradictory statements. It is time to defend our ideals leaving aside the American influence. With honor and control we can defeat anything.
WORKERS OF THE WORLD, UNITE!
Press release
We, the nations of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Republic of China, always seeking for global balance and the maintenance of peace are today deeply concerned about the actions that were taken by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, of testing nuclear material.
We condemn this action and furthermore consider them as a possible threat to this new world order that we want to establish. It is not acceptable to even think that one nation could have the power to destroy a whole country by pushing one button.
The responsibility of nuclear power shall not be taken as something that does not represent a threat to peace, and we call upon nations to consider possible regulations to this power. We as the international community must protect peace and use the great power of technology for pacific means or defensive ones. A larger organization should have the final say regarding he use of this power. Likewise, we consider that one of the main reasons for the disapproval of said actions taken by the Soviet Union are the consequences the nuclear tryouts by the said state have upon the vulnerability of balance of the international system.
Furthermore, the western powers believe that nuclear power should not be concentrated in a single country, for if it were to come to such terms, this country would represent a massive threat to the whole world. Due to the recent nuclear advances held by the Soviet Union, the western nations are determined to invest in the further increase of nuclear power to promote balance in the international system. As a block, it is believed that if the Soviet Union gains more nuclear power then, because of their socialist ideals, the world would be in great danger. Thus, the western block has agreed on developing a better nuclear arsenal to be capable of responding in case the Soviet Union attacks shortly.
However, the western block has decided and wishes to specify, that the only nations that would be allowed to have nuclear weapons are those classified as politically stable by a majority of the five permanent members of the Security Council. This in the sense of assuring nuclear power does not fall upon the wrong governments.
We would like to clarify that the Republic of China will possess the right to decide whether to develop a nuclear arsenal in its territory, taking into account its social and political environment, but it will participate in the decisions concerning the countries that will be allowed to possess nuclear power.
Signed by:
United Kingdom, United States of America & Republic of China.
Press release from the United States of America and the Republic of China
A communist free Republic of China
April 15th, 1949
The United States of America and the Republic of China are pleased to announce the near end of the Chinese civil war that has yet again come to affect the nation.
Thanks to the legally binding agreement signed by the nations of United States and China in March 15th, 1949, the Chinese army was able to push back rebel forces along with the help of the United States military. 10 US military troops, of 25 heads each, entered the Chinese territory on March the 20th in order to aid the Chinese government, under the specifications set of a trial period of 45 days.
In a surprising and pleasing turn of events, the presence of US military troops was proved effective during its stay in Chinese territory.
The intelligence provided by the Chinese government allowed the mission, composed by both Chinese and American soldiers to perform 10 consecutive successful operations against the rebel forces.
These advances of the united front of China and United States of America allowed the retrocession of rebel forces as such for there not to be any reported rebel attacks in the last five days.
Likewise, the nations are glad to report that the rebel forces have been pushed back to the east northern region of China and that according to the intelligence agents would be able to be terminated in the following month.
United States of America and China hope all other delegations present rejoice over the liberation of the Chinese nation as much as the authors of this press release.
As a final clarification the nations would like to praise the protection of civilians under the conditions expressed in the bilateral agreement.
